An important factor is the arrow weight, which also depends on the wood used: For example, with the same spine, oak arrows are heavier than fir ones. Weight affects the flight characteristics: A lighter arrow flies faster and farther, and thus also flatter, than a heavy one, which (on the same bow) loses altitude more quickly. Heavier arrows, on the other hand, have greater penetrating power; hunting arrows tend to be heavier.
In a good set of arrows, all have the same weight (within about one gram). The entire arrow is weighed, including the tip and feathers.
Arrows are designed to be as light as possible for high speeds. However, the lighter the arrow, the more the firing resembles a dead shot, and the stored energy is no longer transferred primarily to the arrow but is dissipated in the bow's limbs.
This places greater strain on the limbs, causing more set to form, and cracks or even breakages. Fortunately, the appropriate arrow weight can be calculated from the bow's draw weight: Safe and not too heavy arrows weigh 8 to 10 grains per pound of draw weight (abbreviated to 10 gpp).
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